Avoid Run-On Sentences in Your Business Writing

Maintain a strategic distance from Run-On Sentences in Your Business Writing This announcement contains a mistake. Find and right it: The following barely any weeks will be occupied. Both the site update and the application dispatch have cutoff times in December.Huang is our most persevering representative, I might want him in my group. Run-on sentences and sentence pieces are turning out to be increasingly normal, and appear to be a precarious region for some individuals. I surely have been blameworthy of these previously, especially when I am messaging. While I think it is to some degree immaterial to have a linguistic mix-up in a speedy book ran off to a companion, these kinds of missteps become risky when they spill into progressively formal business settings, for example, messages, letters, and updates. Truth be told, run-on sentence development (likewise called combined sentences) is the #1 most normal business composing language structure blunder we find in customer composing. Divided sentences is the #2 blunder, and they are exceptionally related. How about we back up a stage or two (we need to return to center school language structure class now) and take a gander at the distinction among Independent and Dependent Clauses. The contrast between these two is the basic explanation that sudden spike in demand for sentences and sentence pieces aren't right. Most importantly, what is a proviso? A proviso is a gathering of words with a subject and an action word. There are two primary kinds of statements: Independent and Dependent. An Independent Clause can remain solitary as a total sentence. Ex. John is a profoundly insightful specialist. Ex. Suzette was perceived for her commitments. A Dependent Clause can't remain solitary, and hence it must be associated with an Independent Clause. A Dependent Clause as a rule happens when you include a needy marker word. These words are regularly conjunctions or modifiers, and leave us with an inquiry. Ex. Since John is a profoundly smart agent, Ex. When Suzette was perceived for her commitments. You should see that by adding the reliant marker word to these provisos, they become deficient sentence parts, and you are basically left hanging; what happened when Suzette was perceived? What happened in light of the fact that John was an exceptionally canny specialist? To fix this circumstance, you have to interface those Dependent Clauses to Independent Clauses. Ex. Since John is a profoundly keen specialist, his organization is entirely productive. Ex. When Suzette was perceived for her commitments, she was given an advancement and a corner office. Interfacing a needy statement to a free proviso causes us to maintain a strategic distance from sentence pieces. Be that as it may, shouldn't something be said about the more typical sudden spike in demand for sentences? Run-on sentences happen when we associate two autonomous provisos without utilizing appropriate accentuation. Ex. Huang is the most tenacious worker, I might want him in my group. There are numerous approaches to fix the sentence above: Huang is the most industrious representative; I might want him in my group. (You could likewise include a change here on the off chance that you might want: Huang is the most tenacious representative; consequently, I might want him in my group.) Huang is the most industrious representative. I might want him in my group. (Like the sentence above, you could likewise include a change here: Huang is the most tenacious representative. Thus, I might want him in my group.) Huang is the most industrious representative, and I might want him in my group. Since Huang is the most industrious representative, I might want him in my group. Basic clear language is the way to great business composing, soit is ordinarily best to just part the sudden spike in demand for into two complete sentences, as appeared in number 2: Huang is the most steady representative. I might want him in my group. Run-on sentences and sentence parts are simple missteps to make, and are similarly as simple to fix. Start by posing yourself this inquiry: Does this provision express a total idea? If not, associate it to another statement that responds to the unanswered inquiry. On the off chance that it does, ensure that it isn't associated with another total idea with a comma (utilize a period or a semi-colon). This one inquiry should make it simple for you to discover the sudden spike in demand for sentences and sentence sections in your business composing, and fix them all alone. In the event that you need extra help around there, Instructional Solutions offers business composing courses that incorporate itemized, individualized teacher input on your business composing.

Financial Analysis of Coles Ltd

Monetary Analysis of Coles Ltd 1. Presentation 1.1 Purpose In this report my motivation is to do a budgetary examination of Coles Ltd which gives a premise, on which the valuation of organization should be possible. 1.2 Scope This report directs a monetary examination for Coles by playing out a pattern investigation of money related proportions utilizing the information given for recent years. It likewise incorporates an income investigation which alongside money related proportions helps contrast coles and its industry partners, Woolworths and Metcash; lastly this examination would help in value valuation to compute a reasonable cost for coles share. 1.3 Methodology This report depends on essential information accessible from Coles site just as optional information, for example, inquire about paper, electronic database and different distributions. 1.4 Limitation Albeit the sum total of what endeavors have been made to use however much accessible data as could be expected yet there were some tightening variables, for example, absence of accessible information of past monetary data which limited this exploration. Unwavering quality of information and time imperatives were likewise obstacle in playing out this examination. The greatest inadequacy was that present information depended on AIFR and information for a considerable length of time before 2005 depended on AGAAP, which made near pattern investigation extremely troublesome. 2. Money related ANALYSIS In this we will assess the organizations monetary proportions and income proportions of the working, financing, and putting execution of an organization comparable to key contenders recorded execution. Given the organizations procedure and objectives, together these apparatuses permit the examiner to research and look at an organizations execution and its money related condition. Proportion investigation is the apparatus which includes evaluating the organizations pay proclamation and monetary record information. On the opposite side, the income investigation depends on firms income explanation. 2.1 Ratio investigation The proportion investigation manages assessment of the presentation of Coles in context of its referenced methodologies and objectives. So as to accomplish this target a mix of cross sectional investigation and time arrangement examination is performed. Functions of Ratios for 2006 are referenced in APPENDIX 4. 2.1.1 Profitability examination In the event that we take a gander at the arrival on value (ROE) of Coles, for a time of 5 years, it is being seen that ROE has expanded in 2006 when contrasted with 2002. Despite the fact that ROE has fallen in 2006 (15. 30%) when contrasted with 2005 (18.30 %) however it very well may be seen that on a normal Coles ROE has been steady or expanded over most recent 5 years. Profit for resource (ROA) has likewise been steady around 10% during the most recent 3 years and expanding from 7.17% in 2002 to 9.54% in 2006.The principle purpose behind stable ROE and ROA are better execution conveyed by the administration and just as the develop normal for the business, that produces stable return just as steady development seeing populace socioeconomics in the nation. Table 1 Profitability Ratio of Coles Ltd Source: Coles budget report after modification Net benefit has been very steady and useful throughout the previous 5 years however the concerned part is the net revenue. Net overall revenue has been low, it had been expanding from 2002 to 2005 yet it again fell in 2002 to 1.57% from 2.08%. Coles need to diminish its working and intrigue costs in order to expand its net revenue. Table 2 Profitability Ratio Comparison inside the business in 2006 On contrasting the presentation of Coles and its industry partners we can reason that Coles Ltd is route behind its significant rival, Woolworths, as far as ROE and ROA which may be owing to bring down net revenue and lower budgetary influence. Coles has higher money related influence when contrasted with Woolworths and metcash, which implies it, has more prominent monetary hazard. In any case, in spite of high influence it has low ROE which affirms the way that Coles has low net revenue resource turnover proportion. 2.1.2 Activity Analysis An organizations working exercises require interests in both present moment (stock and records receivable) and long haul resources. Movement proportions depict the connection between the organizations level of tasks and resources expected to continue working exercises. Resource turnover is significant in deciding firms ROA; it likewise figures reasons of how it will influence firms ROE. Assessing the viability of benefit the executives is the motivation behind resource turnover examination. 2.1.2.1 Short term action proportions Working capital is our primary concern while assessing an organization. It can plainly be seen that since Coles has high turnover proportions it utilizes money premise in its deals. It very well may be obviously being seen that it took just 4.48 days on a normal for Coles to change over its stock venture back in to money. From the figures most recent 5 years we can unmistakably decipher that Coles has definitely improved its money transformation cycle from 23 days in 2002 to 4.48 days in 2006. Table 3 Short-term Activity Ratios for Coles Ltd Table 4 Short-term movement proportion examination, 2006 Presently, on the off chance that we contrast Coles and its rivals we can see that Woolworths has lower money transformation cycle and metcash has higher money change cycle. Woolworths has lower money transformation cycle since it saves stock in stock for shorter length and stock is changed over in to great sold in less range of time. Then again Metcash saves stock in stock for bring down no. of days however it gives all the more no. of days to its receivables for installment because of which it has higher money change cycle. Seeing the business it very well may be inferred that Coles has great money change cycle yet it can enhance it by decreasing the Average number of days for which stock is available. 2.1.2.2 Long term action proportions In the examination of long haul action proportions, long haul resource turnover and property, plant and gear turnover have been used. Table 5 Long term action proportions for Coles Ltd All in all the two proportions moved in a similar example during these periods. Generally, this example shows that advantage use has improved consistently for the period going from 2002 (310.12%) to 2006(372.70%). This assists with reasoning that organization is ceaselessly improving its use of resources for increment its creation. Table 6 Long term action proportions examination, 2006 While contrasting with its rivals it very well may be seen that Coles all out resource turnover proportion is roughly 30% higher than its rivals. It assists with breaking down that Coles is all the more effectively using its assets to expand its creation when contrasted with its rivals. Metcashs high PPE turnover proportion can be added to the way that PPE structures an extremely little piece of Metcashs all out resources. On the off chance that contrast Coles and its significant rival Woolworth on PPE Turnover Ratio we can reason that Coles has been using its fixed resource superior to Woolworths. 2.1.3 Liquidity Analysis Liquidity is alluded to an organizations capacity to have adequate supports when required and convert its non-money resources in to money without any problem. Liquidity Ratios are utilized to decide the organizations capacity to pay its transient liabilities. Liquidity examination empowers us to decide Coles capacity to cover its liquidity chance. Liquidity hazard may emerge because of setback or over liquidity inside the firm and this thus lead to firms handicap of satisfying its liquidity needs. So as to decide firm liquidity level, Current proportion, brisk proportion and money proportion are transient liquidity proportions which have been utilized. Table 7 Coles Short-term Liquidity Ratios On doing the pattern investigation for most recent 5 years it very well may be seen that Coles current proportion has been reliably falling, which expands the likelihood that Coles won't have the option to get together its momentary liabilities. Current proportion has tumbled from 1.37 in 2002 to 0.98 in 2006 which is of significant worry, as a present proportion of under 1 implies that organization has negative working capital and is presumably confronting a liquidity emergency. The more tough proportion of liquidity is fast proportion and money proportion which have additionally been falling consistently in most recent 5 years. It appears Coles is falling in to liquidity crunch and may require transient assets to meet its present liabilities. There has been parcel of instability in the money proportion of the firm as they have been rising and again falling, so we can reason that Coles can't keep up stable liquidity. Table 8 Short term liquidity proportions correlations, 2006 When contrasted with its rivals Coles has preferable current proportion over Woolworths however has current proportion not exactly Metcash. Contrasting Coles and its significant rival in retail part, Woolworth, we can plainly observe Coles has better current money proportion yet is behind on fast proportion. On contrasting and metcash we see that Coles is behind on all the momentary liquidity proportions by a high edge. Metcash has double the money proportion when contrasted with Coles, which makes Coles capacity to meet its transient liabilities faulty. 2.1.4 Long term Debt and dissolvability Analysis The investigation of an organizations capital structure is basic to assess its drawn out hazard and bring possibilities back. The drawn out obligation and dissolvability proportions which we are going to use here are obligation to value, obligation to capital and intrigue inclusion proportion. Table 9 Coles long haul Debt and Solvency proportions As demonstrated by Coles obligation and long haul dissolvability proportions, it signifies that firm is definitely not a dissolvable organization and depends intensely on obligation financing. The organizations obligation to value and obligation to capital proportions are reliably above 1.00 which shows that Coles utilized more obligation than value as its wellspring of financing. Obligation to add up to capital has likewise been reliably been around 0.55-0.60 during the multi year time frame. This shows firm has been steady with its financing arrangement and has not done a lot of progress with its obligation and value blend. Since it depends so intensely on obligation financing, issues can be raised with respect to its capacity to take care of the enthusiasm emerging because of long haul obligation financing however we see that organization has EBIT multiple times more tha

35 Google Search Hacks That Are Going to Change Your Life

35 Google Search Hacks That Are Going to Change Your Life With 3.5 billion searches a day, Google is the ultimate search engine for a reason. It has become one of the biggest companies in the world in a very short span of time.In fact, people laughed at the idea that Google can successfully compete with the then industry giants in the likes of Yahoo, AltaVista and AOL at the time of its inception.However, Google not only climbed search ladder steadily but dispatched all of the so-called “Google Killers” to oblivion one by one.Today, Google has become synonymous with the internet searching. You no longer say, “I am going to search internet.” You say, “I am going to Google to it.”This itself is the testimony to the fact that Google is the only search engine in the world you want to use, talk about and recommend to others (by the way there is no need of it. Everyone knows about Google).What has made Google so successful is that it still brilliantly serves its original purpose that is helping you explore the internet.You may type in to that search bar hundreds of times a day if not thousands and Google will come up with the exact result you want every single time. TOP GOOGLE HACKS TO MAKE YOUR LIFE EASIERHowever, there is more to Google than meet the eye. It is quite surprising that most people do not know Google can do much more for them despite using it on daily basis.In this article, we have rounded up many Google tricks and hacks which can make your life even easier.These hacks make you get most out of the Google search. Following lines contain everything from simple tricks to more advanced hacks such as finding hidden pages and files online.Furthermore, these hacks are guaranteed to change your life forever. Use QuotesPutting words or a phrase in quotation marks helps you search for that exact phrase. Quotation marks decrease the guess work for Google because it knows it has to search only for the exact phrase in the search bar, eliminating all the irrelevant searches in the process.For example, if you loo k for best smart fitness trackers in the search bar, Google will search for all the webpages that contain these four words in any order. On the other hand, if you type “best smart fitness trackers”, it will only search for the exact phrase.This enables Google to retrieve specific information related to fitness trackers which might be buried under heaps of irrelevant information. Use a Hyphen to Exclude Certain WordsYou often search for words or phrases that have ambiguous meanings such as Cricket. It can be quite confusing for Google because the word cricket refers to both a sport and a type of insect.Google may show results both for the sport and the insect if we do not specify what we are searching for. However, you can cut one of these out of the search results by using a hyphen or minus sign (-) as shown in the example below.Google also explicitly states that it has excluded the results with insect in them from the search results.Therefore, Google will not show results containing the word the insect. It will only display the results related to the sport which is particularly popular in Australia, England, the Subcontinent,South Africa and the West Indies. Getting Results from a Specific Site Using ColonIt is also possible for you to get information from a specific website using only a colon. The syntax in this case is very simple. See the following example.As you might have guessed, this particular search term will fetch results about Manchester United but only from the official website of Barclays Premier League. Google will remove all other search results. You can use this shortcut to find specific information from a certain website. Searching a Specific WebsiteApart from finding specific information from certain website you can also thoroughly search a website using the same syntax.All you need to do is to do write “site:” followed by the actual URL of the website you want to search.For example, if you want to keep abreast with latest cricketing news but only want results from Cricinfo, you can write “site:cricinfo.com”.In this particular case, Google will only fetch results from the famous Cricket website Cricinfo, removing all other results. Add intitle: before Your Search QueryAdding “intitle:” before the search term will help you get only those results which have keyword in the title of the webpage.For instance, if you are searching for “Lord of the Rings”, adding “intitle:” before the tile of the famous movie will get you only those results which have Lord of the Rings in the title. Similarly, there are many other operators which help you search specific information from the title, content or even URL of a webpage. Some of these operators are as under.Allintitle: “allintitle: Germany Cyber Security Update” will show the results having all four words in the title.Intext: if you want to search a specific word or phrase within the content of the webpage, you will use this particular operator.Search between a Range of NumbersYou can also search between a range of numbers using two dots or periods (..).This trick is particularly helpful if you are searching for products or tickets prices, prime numbers, odd numbers or anything between ranges of numbers.For example, “buy Dell laptop 700..1000 US dollars” will display the webpages from where you can buy Dell laptops between the price range of 500-700 United States dollars. As you can see in the image, Google is only displaying online stores from where you can buy Dell laptops within the price range of $700 to $1000. Isn’t it exciting to know?Finding Similar WebsitesIt is also very easy to find related websites on Google. You can type the word“related” before the name of a certain website to find similar websites. For example, related:amazon.com will list websites similar or related to Amazon.This trick is particularly important if you are running an online business and want to know who your competitors are and what they are doing. Discover Alternatives to Popular WebsitesApart from finding similar websites, you can also compare different websites or find their alternatives.For instance, if you are not sure how many competitors of Instagram are out there, you would simply search for “Instagram vs” and Google will list a number of Instagram’s competitors.As a result, you will have a number of options to check other than Instagram. Similarly, you can also writer “better than Instagram” to find more alternatives. Search by Specific Time, Location or CountryYou can use different criteria such as location, time or country to filter the search results.The main Google search area also contains a lot of tabs such as Any Country or Any Time from where you can get results specific to your time zone or country. There are many other related commands you can use such as weather *zip code*. This term will display weather for the given zip code. You can also replace the zip code with a specific city or town’s name.However, the weather forecast may not be very accurate in this case because a city or town usually has multiple zip codes.Similarly, you can also find news about a certain person, place or thing from a specific location. For example, “queen Elizabeth location:london” will yield results regarding everything related to Queen Elizabeth in London.Asterisk isa Powerful ToolThis is one of the most useful and exciting tricks on the list. If you can’t remember the exact search phrase or keyword, you can use asterisk as a placeholder which Google automatically fills in.You can use asterisk on number of occasions such as if you misremember a song’s or poem’s lyrics. The syntax in this case can look like:Last* gave* heart*This Keyword does not make any sense. However, Google is smart and it knows that you are asking about one of the most famous songs of Wham that is Last Christmas I Gave You My Heart.In fact, asterisk can stand for anything in the keyword and Google translates it according to the other words in the search phrase. Do some Mathematics with GoogleGoogle can do literally anything you can imagine and mathematics is no different. Google can solve almost all types of equations for you in fraction of a second.Take a look at the following equation for an example. As shown above, you can write the equation directly in the search bar.Or, you can also write Calculator and Google will display a very sleek and nice looking calculator where you can do all the mathematics you want.Find a Page That Links to another PageThis is one of the most obscurest tricks on this list. It enables you to find a page that links to a specific page instead of directly looking for that specific page.For instance, if you want to find who cited Huffington Post’s article on their website, you can actually find all the websites that link to that particular article using this trick.link:huffingtonpost.comTyping this particular URL will return all the pages that are linking to the Huffington Post’s home page. You need to keep in mind that you will get fewer results if the URL is more specific. Search for Multiple Keywords SimultaneouslyGoogle is the most flexible search engine out there. It is aware that using a single keyword or phrase may not get you the results you want.Therefore, it allows you to search for multiple keyword or phrases at the same time.You can search for one keyword along with another related keyword using this trick. It is one of the most useful Google tricks because it enables you to narrow down the research results and find exactly what you are looking for. For instance, you can search following keywords simultaneously in Google.“How to prepare for IELTS Examination” or “Best ways to prepare for IELTS examination” You will search for both these phrases by writing them as it is. Apart from long phrases, we can also using this trick for words such as:“milk” OR “buffalo’s milk”This will search for pages with either milk or buffalo’s milk in them. Similarly, you can also replace “or” with “and.” For example, if you search for buy cheap and airlines tickets, Google will display all the results that contain both cheap and airlines tickets in them.Check any Stock You WantIt is also a very useful trick especially if you are in the stock business. All you have to do is to type the ticker name of any stock in the search bar.For example, if you type GOOG, you will get the stock price for Alphabet Inc., the parent company of Google and several of its subsidiaries. Search for a Specific FileThis is perhaps one of the least used Google hacks. However, it is very powerful because it helps you search for a specific file type or file. This is especially beneficial if you want to retrieve a specific PowerPoint or PDF file which you previously viewed but cannot find it any longer. You will type the following search term in search bar in this case.*actual search term*filetype:pptIn this example, you can use any search term you want followed by the file type command and extension of the file you are looking for.People who can benefit most from this trick include students, PHD scholars and businessmen who rely on presentations a lot. Track Your PackagesBelieve it or not, you can also track your packages with the help of Google.Write any FedEx, USPS or UPS tracking number directly into the Google’s search bar and you will get all the tracking information about your package. It is as simple as that. Make Private SearchesPrivacy enthusiasts often denounce Google’s policy to create demographic history of your searches depending upon your search habits.As a result, many private search engines have appeared which work in conjunction with Google. They do not allow the search engine to track your location, IP address or anything like that.The most popular of these private search engines is StartPage. You can either open their website www.startpage.com or add their extension to Google Chrome to make your searches private.There is another simpler option you can avail if you want to make your searches private.Simply press Control + Shift + N in Windows and Linux or Command + Shift + N in Mac to open Incognito Window in Google Chrome. Google will not maintain your demographic search history if you search internet in Incognito mode. Browsing Offline WebsitesMost of you may already know about this particular trick. Google also keeps a cached version of all the websites scanned by its bots. It enables us to view these websites even if they are not online due to any reason.You will use the search operator “cache:” followed by the URL of the website you are trying to access as shown in the following example.You can view any offsite website using this trick at any time provided your Google Chrome already has the cached version of it. Know Your IP AddressThis one is pretty simple. You can simply type “ip address” in your search bar to find out what your system’s IP address is if you don’t know it already. Currency ConvertersYou can also convert any currency into other currency using Google. For example, you can convert United States dollars into Euros by writing “us dollars into euros” in the search bar. Search Images by their Type, Size, Copyright, Time or ColorAlmost everyone knows how to search images on Google. However, very few people are aware of the fact that you can search images by their type, size, time, color or even copyright status. For instance, if you are looking for images about airplanes, you can further refine your search by going to Images tab under the main search bar and then Tools tab as shown in the following figure. As you can see, you can choose from a lot of options in the Tools such a color, type, user rights and size.It also has a Show size tab which enables you to further refine your search for an image such as searching for large or small size, full colored images or grayscale as well as line drawings or clipart etc.Search for People on Google ImagesSome people have names with dual meanings such as Paris, Lilly and Rose etc. Therefore, just add imgtype=face at the end of the search URL in Google Images if you are looking for a person not a city or flower. Get Results from Top Level Domains onlyExtensions that follow the main domain name in a URL are actually called the Top Level Domains.There are actually thousands of top level domains such as .com, .net, .edu, .co.uk, .ca, and .org etc. You can easily search information from a specific top level domain in Google.For example, Androidsite:net will fetch results from .net domains only. Another great trick is to use hyphen or minus (-) sign to remove any website from the search results.For example â€"Android site:wikipedia.org will remove Wikipedia from the search results coming from org domains.Set Time Limit for Your SearchGoogle has been indexing websites for last two decades. Sometimes you need to find information about an event which occurred a decade ago. It also makes it difficult for you to find the exact website or page you are looking for.However, you can easily cut through the clutter by searching within a specific time period.For instance, you can limit the results to recent years by going to Tools and then Any Time drop-down menu. Similarly, you can also set a custom date range in Any Time menu to view archived news and information. Reverse Image SearchIt is a wonderful Google hack if you want to find more related images, wallpapers, apartments, names of unlabeled products and even the source of the image.You can also find specific information such as how to make a door shown in a specific picture or how to cook the dish being served in the image.Drop any image from your computer in Google Images and you are going to get lot information about it. Check Flight StatusAs Google is one of your best friends, it does not want you to miss your flights as well. In fact, you can check the status of any flight simply by typing its flight number in Google. Take a look at following example. Set TimerYou can also use Google either as your personal stop watch or timer. It is particularly useful when you have to complete a task within a deadline, take a nap between long working hours or you are just reading a book or newspaper.You can create a timer for any purpose you like or get stop watch by simply typing “timer” or “set timer” in the search bar. Convert Numbers to WordsIt sometimes gets very confusing to grasp large numbers and understand what they really are.However, you need not to worry because Google offers a pretty simple solution to this complex problem. Following example show how you can convert really big numbers to words with utmost ease. Translate Words VisuallyGoogle Translate is a handy tool. It easily translates words from almost all the foreign languages you can think of. However, it cannot provide easy version of many technical terms used in foreign languages. One solution to this problem is to search for these terms in Google Images.You may be able to recognize these words by looking at their images. However, you can only search nouns using this trick. It does not work for adjectives or verbs. Do a Barrel RoleNow, it is time for some tricks that will make your search experience on Google real fun. The first of these tricks is the Barrel Role.Just type Do a Barrel Role and wait for a second. You are in for an experience of your life as Google will do a circular role of your screen. Google GravityGoogle gravity is a funny trick as it shatters your screen into many different pieces. You can even drag and drop these pieces anywhere around your screen to add to the fun. Click here to amuse yourself. Google SpaceYou can use this trick to make everything on Google float as if it is in space. Click here and your Google will start floating. Google AskewYou can also give your screen a little tilt by typing Askew in the search bar as show in the following figure.Atari BreakoutAtari Breakout is one of the most popular video games of all times. Now, you can play this game directly in Google to give you some break from typing and searching.Just type Atari Breakout in Google Images and enjoy the fun. Google UnderwaterThis trick will make Google logo look as if it is floating under the water. Click here to see the magic. Google in 1998Do you want to learn how Google looked at the time of its inception? If yes, then simply type 1998 in Google search bar and you will get the vintage Google right on your screen. CONCLUSIONAbove mentioned are some of the most important Google hacks you need to know.However, you can do many more things with Google such as converting units and finding film timings, sports scores, sunrise and sunset timings, synonyms of the words and exploring a dictionary.In fact, Google entails so many things that it is difficult to include all of them in an article. It is already a useful source for most of the people.However, after learning these useful hacks, you can transform Google into a highly valuable and rewarding search tool for yourself.

Is Tithing for New Testament Christians Essays - 3386 Words

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Is Tithing for New Testament Christians? Daniel S. Steffen, PhD. SEMI 500 B02 Introduction to Seminary Studies by David Boston February 08, 2014 I. Introduction: Are New Testament believers required to pay tithes according to Jesus statement in Matthews 23 vs. 23. II. Who was Jesus talking to when he said, â€Å"this you should have done; without leaving the other undone. A. The purpose for tithing under the Law. 1. The reason why God gave the Children of Israel the Law. 2. Christ redeems us from the Curse of the Law. 3. Jesus is the fulfillment of the Law and the prophets. B. New Testament†¦show more content†¦You should tithe, yes, but do not neglect the more important things.4 There has been strong theological argument whether this Scripture is indicating that New Testament believers are required to pay tithes. This paper will attempt to explain that New Testament believers are not under any command to tithe, but the spiritual principle of tithing is vital to the believer and still can be practiced. Christians who argue against tithing contend that Jesus words in Mathew 23: 23 do not apply to us today, because Jesus was under the law and speaking to the Pharisees who were under the Law. There premise is that Jesus was giving instructions to the Jews; so his words do not bind New Testament believers to a legalized system of tithing. According to Tom Brown this interpretation is flawed because modern day teachers are bringing Christ down to the level of a prophet or teacher of the law. Jesus is the Word of God made flesh, so this means every word that comes out of his mouth is eternal. He cannot say anything without it being spiritual law.5 Another point of view defending this premise states the Word of God is not confined to time and is always profitable for instruction and teaching in life. 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Do we need to follow the Old or New Testament as Christian believers? Do we still follow the law of separation of church and state as a country? God is the one who created everything, nothing existed. So, isn’t God the one who makes the moral standards. He is the one who declares what’s wrong fromRead MoreProposal Paper1308 Words   |  6 Pagesstewardship approach tailored to meet the need of a 145 year old congregation located in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn New York. The primary goal will be geared toward educating the entire congregation on the importance of responsible stewardship and generosity. As we transition toward 2018, key elements of the following proposal will be gradually implemented as we enter the new year in the hope that by the end of the 2018- beginning of 2019 cycle the church will embark upon the launch of an endowmentRead MoreExegesis of Mark 10:17-31 Essay2977 Words   |  12 Pageshouse or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields, for my sake and for the sake of the good news, 30who will not receive a hundredfold now in this age—houses, brothers and sisters, mothers and children, and fields, with persecutions—and in the age to come eternal life. 31But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.’ The pericope known in the New Interpreter’s Study Bible as â€Å"The Rich Man† (1828) begins at Mark 10:17, as a rich man comes up to Jesus and asksRead MoreHappiness, Health and Economy: Three Strongly Related Elements of Religious Faith2065 Words   |  9 Pagesfollow the roots of this description. However, even though faith’s description is not affected by acquiring a different religion, the type of faith an individual will follow won’t retain the same characteristics. For example, Judaism â€Å"unlike the Christian-Catholic view of God† (BBC-Jewish beliefs) does not divide God into different persons. One could argue that the faith still retains some similarities, and even though it is true it is also important to consider that a different religion would consistentlyRead MoreThe Origins Of The West East Essay2165 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Western culture. For the first time in history, the West establishes an extremely high level of craft speci alty and artistic production thanks to plentiful food and a powerful governmental class. During the era of the second half of the Old Testament study, Israel experienced the strong influences of numerous neighboring empires and kingdoms such as the sequential empires of Babylonia, Assyria, Rome, Greece, and Persia. As stated, â€Å"each empire was pressing in, invading, conquering, exerting itsRead MoreBiblical Perspective of Generosity and Its Effect on Christian Character Development3048 Words   |  13 PagesGENEROSITY AND ITS EFFECT ON CHRISTIAN CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION This paper will examine several Scriptural passages from both Old and New Testaments with respect to their teachings about the role of generosity. It aims to discuss and analysis the biblical perspective of generosity on its source and its challenges for the todays Christian society. It will be argued that a common theme in all of the passages is a concern with generosity as a Christian virtue. This paper does not

The Effects Of Plastic Surgery - 1389 Words

Plastic surgery in today’s medical world Plastic surgery can be defined as the specialty in the medical field that involves the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. Plastic surgery can be separated into two groups: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. The thesis of this essay is to examine these two types of surgery and to examine the effect that it has on today’s medical world, and what causes people to seek plastic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns (Garg, 2013). Reconstructive plastic surgery is done to correct functional damages caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone breakages; congenital†¦show more content†¦2009). Interior motivators consist of the yearning to reduce the unpleasant emotional state of depression, embarrassment or social anxiety; the wish to modify a specific detested feature; the longing for a more youthful, strong look that indicates fertility and the h ope to generate a strong, influential appearance that will simplify career progression (Wolfgang et al. 2009). In the present, a cumulative number of cosmetic surgery procedures are done in doctors agencies and separate clinical centers and more procedures are being carried out simultaneously (Wolfgang et al. 2009). This increases the risk of rare but potentially fatal infections and anesthetic reactions. Furthermore, some consultants have not finished the full five years of residency training essential for certification by the American Board of Plastic Surgery, but validly complete procedures, for which they might be incompetently trained, purely to supplement their income (Wolfgang et al. 2009). Complications in plastic surgery do happen. Complications of cosmetic surgery are infrequent, but include contamination, haemorrhage, fluid and salt disproportion, and hypersensitive and anesthetic reactions which are occasionally lethal (Chambers, 2009). This alone is a very lucrative business for doctor’s and surgeons, because they have to fix the mistakes that they make, or others has to fix said mistake. Furthermore, cosmetic surgerys popularityShow MoreRelatedPlastic Surgery And Its Effects880 Words   |  4 PagesPlastic surgery has advanced drastically in the past few years. Before plastic surgery was an option, to correct a body part from injury, disease or an illness they had to just deal with their appearance. Today many people are getting plastic surgery to improve their appearance because they believe in their minds that something is wrong with them base on what our sociality standard are. I think it is an unnecessary surgery and many people put their health and well-being at risk. Some people evenRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects867 Words   |  4 PagesPlastic surgery is known throughout the world as a way to improve one’s self-image, thereby gaining confidence and self-assurance. This surgical intervention can be safe, but it can also be immensely dangerous. Plastic surgery is defined as the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body, especi ally by the transfer or removal of tissue. This surgical phenomenon can be utilized for the treatment of an injury or cosmetic inhancements. For many reasons, plastic surgery can be categorizedRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pages Each year, the plastic surgery industry brings in $10.1 billion dollars in the United States alone (Goudreau). The surgery itself consists of two types: reconstructive surgery, which â€Å"replaces damaged tissue with healthy tissue from another area of the body† (Lee), and cosmetic surgery, which is the removal or addition of tissue in order to â€Å"make a person look younger or more attractive†(Gregg). Plastic surgery comes from the Greek word plastikos, which means to shape or to form (Gregg). DatingRead MoreSide Effects of Plastic Surgery1231 Words   |  5 PagesSide Effects of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery, like most of medicine, was a work in progress for centuries. Now people are paying top dollar to modify their body, everything from their face to their stomach to even their buttocks. The question one must consider before making a decision to change physically is, are the side effects worth it? Under going plastic surgery can open-doors for bacterial or viral infections, allergic reactions from medications to result in unwanted scars, irreversibleRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Plastic Surgery1281 Words   |  6 Pages The Effects of Technology on Plastic Surgery Ludwig Wittgenstein ,a british philosopher,once said, â€Å"The human body is the best picture of the human soul.† Though this may be untrue, or widely disagreed with, it shows that people are judged by their appearance. But what if someone is born unattractive, should they stay that way for their entire life? If there is a cure to disfigurement, does that mean people should ignore it just because it’s frowned upon? According to the world book encyclopediaRead MoreThe Personal Effects Of Plastic Surgery1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe Personal Effects of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery dates back to somewhere around 2000 B.C. and has only advanced since that time. Today people all over the world get these procedures done for many reasons. Some reasoning behind individuals getting plastic surgery is to fix a birth defect, deformability, or for cosmetic purposes. In today’s society, getting plastic surgery for cosmetics purposes is very popular but with that comes many negative comments or thoughts towards that person gettingRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects On Society1363 Words   |  6 PagesAs of recent plastic surgery has become extremely popular, so popular to the point that it has gotten out of control. Although it has been around for many years, the high standards of beauty in today’s society has recently led both women and men to resolve their so-called imperfections with plastic surgery, making plastic surgery the new norm. Sadly, in this day and age all you see when turning on the TV, flipping through a magazine, or sim ply going on social media, is models creating an ideal imageRead MoreThe Emotional Effects Of Plastic Surgery1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate of the emotional impacts of plastic surgery and how it impacts patients and doctors has been in recent debates. Specifically, how these emotional effects influence the mental health of the individuals involved. Stephanie Dubick’s â€Å"When You Have Body Dysmorphia, Coping Through Plastic Surgery Can Be a Nightmare† and David Castle’s â€Å"Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery: are surgeons too quick to nip and tuck?† both agree that plastic surgery could lead to an onset of body dysmorphicRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects On Society844 Words   |  4 PagesReal-Life Photoshop Plastic Surgery is defined as the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body, either in the treatment for injury or cosmetic reason. Just like any other topic, plastic surgery has both negative and positive attributes. Depending on the opinion, there may be more of one than that of the other, but in the case of this paper there are more negative. Plastic surgery has been deemed acceptable by countless celebrities and television shows, and has left a huge not soRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effect On Society1995 Words   |  8 Pagesdoing plastic surgery. With the strong development of medical equipment and technology, there is no doubt that a person could easily get access to information about plastic surgery and eventually go under the knife in the future. But the most important question for this controversial issue is â€Å"Will plastic surgery promote or destroy beauty?† which could be a challenge to answer for many people. However, by discussing two aspe cts of the problem, the benefits and drawbacks of plastic surgery, this

E-bay Case Study Free Essays

At least 30 million people will buy and sell well over $20bn in merchandise (in 2003) – more than the gross domestic product of all but 70 of the world’s countries. More than 150,000 entrepreneurs will earn a full-time living selling everything from diet pills and Kate Spade handbags to  £30,000 BMWs and hulking industrial lathes. More automobiles, of all things, sell on eBay than even no. We will write a custom essay sample on E-bay Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 US dealer AutoNation. So what does this add up to? ‘This is a whole new way of doing business,’ says Whitman. ‘We’re creating something that didn’t exist before. It wasn’t planned, but as users plunged into consumer electronics, cars, and industrial gear, eBay followed. Today, eBay has 27,000 categories, including eight with gross sales of more than  £1 billion each. eBay’s business model Value in eBay is created by proViding a virtual world ¬wide market for buyers and sellers and collecting a tax on transactions as they happen. The business model of eBay relies on its customers being the organisation’s product-development team, sales and marketing force, merchandising department, and the security department. The organisation, headed by Meg Whitman, was founded in 1995, when Pierre Omidyar launched a basic site called Auction Web. His girlfriend wanted to trade her collection of Pez dispensers, but Omidyar had a broader vision in mind, namely empowering everyday consumers to trade without the need for large corporations. He even wanted traders to be responsible for building the community and deciding how to build the website. It worked; soon he found himself answering e-mails from buyers and sellers during the day and rewriting the site’s software at night to incorporate their suggestions, which ranged from fiXing software bugs to creating new product categories. Some 100,000 messages from customers are posted per week in which tips are shared, system glitches are pointed out and changes are lobbied for. The COO, Brian Swette, is quoted as saying, ‘The trick is to keep up with what  buyers and sellers want. We’ve had to constantly change how we run. We start from the principle that if there’s noise, you better listen.’ Currently the technology allows every move of every potential customer to be traced, yielding rich information. Structurally, the business model is realised through 5,000 employees, roughly half of whom are in customer support and a fifth in technology. A key role in eBay is ‘category manager’, a concept Whitman brought to eBay from her days in marketing giant PG. Category managers direct the 23 major categories as well as the 35,000 subcategories, from collectibles to sports gear, to jewellery and watches, and even jet-planes. Conventional companies might spend big money on getting to know their customers and persuading them to provide feedback, but for eBay such feed ¬back is often free and offered without the need for enticement. Even so some of the company’s most effective ways of getting user input do not rely on the Net and do not come free. eBay organises Voice of the Customer groups, which involve flying in a new group of about 10 sellers and buyers from around the country to its San Jose (Californian) every few months to discuss the in depth. Teleconferences are held for features and policies, however small a change involve. Even workshops and classes are held teach people how to make the most of the site. Participants tend to double their selling activity on after taking a class. The company is governed from both outside and The eBay system has a source of automatic control in the form of buyers and sellers rating each other on each transaction, creating rules and norms. There’s an educational system that offers classes around the country on how to sell on eBay. Both buyers and sellers build up reputations which are valuable, in turn encouraging further good behaviour in themselves and others. When that wasn’t quite enough, eBay formed its own police force to patrol the listings for fraud and kick out offenders, the Trust and Safety Dept, now staffed by several hundred eBay employees worldwide. They do every ¬thing from trolling the site for suspicious listings to working with law enforcement agencies to catch crooks. eBay also has developed software that recognises patterns of  behaviour common to previous fraud cases, such as sellers from Romania who recently started selling large numbers of big-ticket items. eBay’s management Meg Whitman’s style and past has heavily influ ¬enced the management of eBay. When she joined the company in 1998, it was more of a collection of geeks, handpicked by the pony-tailed Omidyar, than a blue-chip – something which underpinned Omidyar’s recruitment of Meg. Meg, an ex-consultant, filled many of the senior management roles includ ¬ing the head of the US business, head of interna ¬tional operations and vice-president of consumer marketing with consultants. The result: eBay has become data and metric driven. ‘If you can’t measure it, you can’t control it’, Meg says. Whereas in the early days you could touch and feel the way the organisation worked, its current size means it needs to be measured. Category managers are expected to spend their days measuring and acting upon data within their fiefdom. Some measures are standard for e-business and include how many people are visiting the site, how many of those then register to become users, how long each user remains per visit, how long pages take to load and so on. A measure Meg likes is the ‘take rate’, the ratio of revenues to the value of goods traded on the site (the higher the better). She meas ¬ures which days are the busiest, directing when to offer free listings in order to stimulate the supply of auction items. Noise on the discussion boards is used to understand whether the community is in ‘supportive’ or ‘ready to kill you mood’ on a scale of 1 to 10. Normal for eBay is around 3.  Category managers in eBay, unlike their counter ¬parts in Procter and Gamble, can only indirectly control their products. They have no stock to reorder once levels of toothpaste or washing-up liquid run low on the supermarket shelves. They provide tools to buy and sell more effectively. ‘What they can do is endlessly try to eke out small wins in their cate ¬gories – say, a slight jump in scrap-metal listings or new bidders for comic books. To get there, they use marketing and merchandising schemes such as enhancing the presentation of their users’ products and giving them tools to buy and sell  better.’ Over and above this unusual existence, the work envir-onment can be tough and ultracompetitive, say ex-eBayers. Changes often come only after PowerPoint slides are exchanged and refined at a low level, even ¬tually presented at a senior level and after the change has been approved in a sign-off procedure which includes every department. An advance in the ways shoes could be searched for took ten months to happen. Aware that analysis can mean paralysis, Meg commissioned consultants (who else) to benchmark the rate at which change is indeed implemented in eBay. eBay was rated as average amongst the com ¬panies surveyed. Over time eBay has upgraded its ability to ensure the technology does not rule. Until the late 1990s, the site was plagued with outages, including one in 1999 which shut the site down for 22 hours courtesy of software problems and no backup systems. Former Gateway Inc. Chief Information Officer Maynard Webb, who joined as president of eBay’s technology unit, quickly took action to upgrade systems. Now the site is down for less than 42 minutes a month, despite much higher traffic. Meg is a leader who buys into the company in more ways than one. Having auctioned some $35,000 worth of furnishings in her ski condo in Colorado to understand the selling experience, she became a top seller among the company’s employees and ensured that her learning from the experience was listened to by fellow top execs. Meg is also known for listening carefully to her employees and expects her managers to do the same. As the business is as much, if not more, its customers, any false move can cause revolts within the community that is eBay. Most of all eBay tries to stay aware and flexible. Nearly all of its fastest-growing new categories emerged from registering seller activity in the area and quietly giving it a nudge at the right moment. For example, after noticing a few car sales, eBay cre ¬ated a separate site called eBay Motors in 1999, with special features such as vehicle inspections and shipping. Some four years later, eBay expects to gross some $1 billion worth of autos and parts, many of which are sold by professional dealers. The democratic underpinning of eBay, whilst easily embraced by customers, can, however, take some getting used to. New managers can take six months to understand the ethos. ‘Some of the terms you learn in business school – drive, force, commit  ¬don’t apply’, says former PepsiCo Inc. exec William C. Cobb, now senior vice-president in charge of eBay’s international operations. ‘We’re over here listening, adapting, enabling.’ How to cite E-bay Case Study, Free Case study samples

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Definition of TCP/IP TCP/IP is an abbreviation for the Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. TCP/IP is often regarded as a protocol matching set that was named subsequent to the pairing of dualistically essential protocols namely, IP and TCP. Thus, it can be defined as a primary communication element applicable through the internet.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It represents network protocol sets that offer support to networked computers to easily link up with the others. TCP/IP which is a universally known internet protocol suite is comprised of sets of layers whereby every layer is in charge of a specific network task while at the same time offering specific services to the upper layer. Internet Protocol Suite was first developed by the Defense Ad vanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the fiscal 1970s. Applications and uses of TCP/IP Basically, TCP is commonly applicable during the transfer of data files and emails. The lower layer protocols of the TCP/IP functions at levels which are adjacent to the user and handles abstract data. IP and TCP became the initial protocols to be well-defined under the Internet Protocol Suite standard. It is as a result of these protocols that the name of the protocol suite materialized. Conversely, the Transmission Protocol Control functions on the internet protocol suite known as the transport layer where it offers the networked computers with dependable facilities for communication. As a network protocol, IP is used to communicate data above packaged switch network. IP facilitates the transfer of diagrams founded on the IP network hosts addresses while operating on the protocol suite internet layer. In the TCP/IP protocol pile, the highest level protocols are the application protocols. I n fact, the application protocols are the visible user interface to the protocol suite of the TPC/IP and always communicate with other internet hosts applications. Each application protocol possesses features similar to others (Helmig n.p.). The features which exemplify their uses and applications are as follows: TCP/IP protocols are applications transported and standardized with the products of TCP/IP or user written applications. The protocol suite for TCP/IP incorporates application protocols namely internet mailing system called Simple Mail transfer Protocols, and collaborative terminal telnet which allows admission into the remote internet hosts. These application protocols either use TCP or UDP as transport mechanisms. TCP offers connection oriented, reliable streams, flow control enabled and congestion friendly protocols. As a peer to peer link leaning protocol, TCP has neither subordinate nor master correlations. Nevertheless, for communication purposes, the application norm ally draws on the server/client model. Servers are applications in TCP/IP which provide requisite services to the internet consumers.Advertising Looking for term paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Users only need to invoke customer application segment that in turn creates requests for specific services and send them to the application server segment via the transport vehicle, TCP/IP. The program (server) accepts requests, execute the requisite services and propel the outcomes back in form of reply. Any server in the TCP/IP often handles multifaceted requesting customers and requests simultaneously (Panko 267). Therefore, it is apparent that TCP/IP has been widely used in server and clients models and in the provision of access to various other networks via gateway, bridge and router. Standards for TCP and IP TCP/IP has been widely recognized by users and developers alike due to its everlasting regeneration and integr al openness. Similar facts hold true for the open communication network, internet. Nonetheless, such openness can certainly become helpful or harmful if there are no controls. Even though there no general bodies which could govern the issuance of internet regulations and directives, there are mutual cooperation control. Under the organization and management of Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the Internet Society (ISOC) is mandated to standardize the internet community. From these organizations both TCP and IP are regarded as standards (Cisco Networking Academy 91). That is, the TCP as a standard is denoted by RFC 793 while IP is represented by RFC 791. RFCs are numbered serially as they are issued. After a document is consigned an RFC number and issued, that number is certainly not reprocessed, even if the RFC is reviewed. In this respect, there has not been any question of having the most current versions of a specific RFC. Currently, RFCs are numbered up to 1609. The term RFC i s an incongruity. While most RFC biographers certainly will not mind if you give your views about the article, RFCs habitually are not actually demanding for any comments at all. In fact, they are descriptions or statements. There are three types of RFCs: Informational, which offers beneficial information; Experimental, which describes an experimental protocol and Standards Track, which stipulate Internet standards path protocol for the entire Internet community. How TCP/IP protocol works TCP/IP comprises of layers while each and every layer plays a significant role of carrying out some processes on the received data. After the operations have been performed, the data is passed to the advanced layers. Every protocol layer handles specific issues that are linked with data transmissions and at the same time rendering particular services to the developed layers.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) specific ally for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A detailed TCP/IP description is illustrated by the reference model in the appendices (Architecture diagram). The functioning of the protocol can be gauged via looking at the protocol layers of TCP/IP. The protocol layers of TCP/IP TCP/IP is actually sculpted into layers just like any other networking software. The layered sign gives rise to the protocol stack term, denoting the protocol suite layers. The TCP/IP protocol suite can be positioned using the stack protocol against other network systems including Open System Interconnection (OSI) and the System Network Architecture (SNA) model. The protocol stack divides the communiquà © software’s into various layers. Thus, allowing for the capacity to generate alternate implementation layers, simple code testing and implementation as well as division of labor. The implemented layers communicate with any other layer that falls either below or above through the abridged interface (â€Å"How TCP/IP Works† par.1). Layers in this regard offer services for any layer that falls right above it by utilizing services tendered by any layer that is underneath. The four architectural layers that allow TCP/IP model to properly transmit data include transport, network, application and the internet layers. Transport layer: This layer offers end to end transmission of data. This is possible as it can deliver data from a particular application to a specific distant peer. There is simultaneous support for several applications. TCP is the most applicable transport protocol layer. TCP allows for flow control, duplicate data suppression, link-oriented dependable data transfer and congestion control. User Datagram Protocol is another component of the transport protocol layer. This protocol allows for unreliable, best effort and connectionless services. Any application that uses UDP as its transport protocol must therefore craft its specific control , end to end integrity and flow control. UDP is utilized by applications which can endure some data loss and require a quick transport mechanism.Advertising Looking for term paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Application layer: Programs using TCP/IP protocol to communicate offers this type of layer. It is an operator process associating with other processes normally under the unlike hosts. Notable examples of the application layer are the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Telnet. The interfaces amid the transport and application layers are well-defined by the number of sockets and ports. Network interface layer: This layer is similarly referred to as data link layer. It is the interface that leads to the concrete network hardware. In fact, the interface might or might not offer dependable transfer and might consequently be stream or packet oriented. In this regard, TCP/IP protocol seems not to stipulate the protocols. However, it may use nearly several network interfaces that are accessible, particularly those that demonstrate IP layer flexibility. Examples include SNA, FDD, IEEE and ATM. Internetwork layer: This layer is similarly dubbed as the network or internet layer as it offers virt ual internet network images. The layer plays a critical role of shielding upper planes from the underneath physical system architecture. In this layer, the IP is deemed as an imperative protocol. It does not accept any dependability from the subordinate layers given that it is a connectionless protocol. Functions such as error recovery, flow control and reliability are not proffered by the IP and must thus be offered at advanced levels (â€Å"How TCP/IP Works† par.4). In summary, every layer is made of protocol sets that are bound to function at that particular layer level. The available network or connection layer protocols play the role of attaching the network nodes. The transport protocol layer manages the data packet transmission amidst the host destination network and the source. Conversely, the internet layer comprises of methods, specifications as well as protocols which are drawn on when transporting packet data through the established networks (Torres 2). The upperm ost TCP/IP layer is the application layer which unswervingly interacts and also connects with service applications. It is hence true that TCP/IP operates in each and every communication level situated within the network components. Sincerely, it emerges as the core and hub of the communication network. Components: The required Hardware and software devices The traceable components of the TCP/IP include: SYSTCPIP applicable in TCP/IP internal incident tracing; SYSTCPIS used to detect and trace the TCP/IP intrusion services; SYSTCPRT used in the protocol for OMPROUTE tracing; SYSTCPRE used in the TCP/IP to resolve tracings and SYSTCPDA applied in an IP package tracing. The Serial Device Server is equally a TCP/IP protocol component. Other trace selections seem to be solely and habitually applied because of the advanced or IBM support personnel instructions (IBM par.1). However, SYSTCPDA packet trace is the most essentially applied component trace. TCP/IP Architecture The name TCP/IP p rotocol suite comes from the notable two essential protocols namely the Internet Protocol (IP) and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Internet Protocol Suite is the name that is often used. The architectural model for TCP/IP is comprised of internetworking, and the already discussed TCP/IP protocol layers and the applications. Internetworking TCP/IP was mainly designed to build networked interconnections dubbed as the internet or internetwork which offers global communication amenities over a diverse physical network. Such internetworks are beneficial in that they enable communication amid hosts located in diverse networks that are probably disjointed by large geographic areas. The phrases internet and internetwork emerged from the interconnected network phrase. Internet as used in TCP/IP has numerous network groups including local networks, commercial networks, backbones and regional networks. These networks are usually limited in size based on the maximum geographic area tha t can be spanned by a given network, the total number of users belonging to the networks, and network applicability in some settings. Ethernet for instance, is integrally partial with respect to geographical scope. As a result, the capacity to hierarchically interconnect volumes of networks in organized fashions facilitates the communication between two hosts that belong to such internetwork (â€Å"How TCP/IP Works par.2). TCP/IP internetworking also creates standardized communication mechanisms abstractions which are offered by each kind of network. All physical networks have their own dependent technological communication interfaces known as programming interfaces which offer primitive or primary communication functions. From its structural composition, it appears that TCP/IP proffers communication services running amid user applications and the programming physical network interface. This independently supports joint interface applications devoid of the basic physical network. T herefore, it is apparent that the physical network architecture is concealed from both the application developer and the user. The application just requires the standardized communication abstraction code so as to purpose under any kind of operating platform and the physical network. From the diagrams in the appendices, it is clear that any interconnection between two networks is only possible if the computers are attached to each of the available networks. This will ensure that packet data will be easily forwarded from a given network to another via a router. In most cases, the IP router term is applicable given that the routing purpose is a component of IP segment of the Transmission Protocol Control/ Internet Protocol suite. This is well-illustrated by the protocol layers of the TCP/IP diagram, found in the appendix. However, to easily recognize the internetwork hosts, every host must be consigned an IP address (Helmig n.p.). If a host possess numerous networked interfaces or con nectors such as routers, all interfaces ought to have inimitable IP addresses. Thus, the IP address is usually made of two components: IP address = host number network number Within the IP address, the network number segment distinguishes the network system inside the internet. The central authority plays the significant role of assigning the network number while ensuring that it is distinctive all through the internet. A segment of the IP address host number is assigned by an authority residing with the controlling organization which identifies the network number. Strengths and weaknesses of the TCP/IP protocol TCP/IP has numerous strengths and weaknesses. These are as explained below: TCP/IP Strengths: TCP/IP has the capacity to check errors, it can simultaneously transfer data and is considered very reliable, higher volumes of data can be held by the TCP/IP at once, it allows internetworking and has the capacity to establish connections amid various servers or computers. TCP/IP Weaknesses: The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite can occasionally be slow while the protocol has a very multifaceted structure or setup. Conclusion Generally, the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite has developed into a standard de-facto for computer communications in the current interacted universe. The permeating application of a particular network standard seems to have actually given rise to a far-fetched reliance on any application that is supported by the protocol. In the contemporary society, people utilize the Internet and the TCP/IP protocols not merely for information and entertainment, but equally in conducting everyday businesses. Even though the protocol has manifold strengths and weaknesses, it plays the critical roles relating to gateway, routing, internetworking, bridging besides acting as a server and clients model. Hence, it is true that TCP/IP operates in each and every communication level situated within t he network components. It emerges as the core and hub of the communication network. Appendices Architecture Diagram (how it is put together physically or logically) Architecture diagram Packer header decode Snapshot of the real thing in operation Works Cited Cisco Networking Academy. IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual. McKinney, TX: Cisco Press, 2010. Print. Helmig, Johannes. â€Å"TCP/IP Basics†. 2002. Web. How TCP/IP Works. 2003. Web. IBM. â€Å"Tracing TCP/IP components†. IBM Corporation 1990, 2010. Web. Panko, Raymond and Panko, Julia. Business Data Networks and Telecommunications. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education, Limited, 2010. Print. Torres, Gabriel. â€Å"How TCP/IP Protocol Works†. 2007. Web. This term paper on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) was written and submitted by user Cyrus Sharp to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.